Breast Cancer Info

This is considered a non-invasive breast cancer because it hasn’t spread beyond the ducts of the breast. Although it’s not life-threatening, it can increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer later on. DCIS is usually detected during a mammogram, and treatment options include radiation therapy or surgery.

• DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts of the breast. It’s estimated that 1 in 5 breast cancers diagnosed in North America are DCIS. While it’s considered non-invasive, it can still progress to invasive cancer if left untreated.
• DCIS is usually detected through mammography screenings and biopsies. Mammograms are an effective tool for detecting DCIS, though false positives and false negatives can occur. Researchers are currently looking into alternative methods of detection such as ultrasound imaging and MRI scans to improve accuracy.
• Once diagnosed with DCIS, treatment options include lumpectomy, mastectomy, and radiation therapy. The type of treatment chosen depends on several factors such as age, family history, size and location of the tumour, hormone receptor status, and other medical conditions.
• The latest research on DCIS focuses on new treatments being studied to reduce recurrence rates after surgery. Scientists are also studying potential risk factors for developing the condition such as lifestyle choices like alcohol consumption or smoking habits.
• If you’ve been diagnosed with DCIS or have any questions about your diagnosis or treatment options available to you, be sure to talk to your doctor about your concerns so they can provide you with more information and guidance specific to your situation.

Sources:

• https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-of-breast-cancer-by-stage/treatment-of-ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis.html
• https://www.breastcancer.org/types/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih

This is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast tissue or lymph nodes. Symptoms may include a lump, breast pain, or nipple discharge. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and can include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: An Overview & Conventional Treatment Options

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all breast cancer diagnoses. It occurs when abnormal cells in the milk ducts of the breast begin to multiply uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissues. This invasion can lead to the formation of a tumour and has the potential to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving the chances of a favourable outcome.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of invasive ductal carcinoma can vary from person to person. Some common signs include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in the size or shape of the breast, nipple discharge, and skin changes such as dimpling or redness. However, it is important to note that not all individuals with IDC experience noticeable symptoms, which is why regular breast cancer screenings are essential.

Diagnosis of IDC typically involves a series of tests and procedures, including a physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is removed and examined under a microscope. If cancer is detected, further tests may be performed to determine the stage and the specific characteristics of the IDC, such as hormone receptor status and HER2 status. These factors play a crucial role in deciding the most effective treatment plan.

Conventional Treatment Options

The treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma often involves a combination of therapies tailored to the individual's specific cancer characteristics and overall health. Some conventional treatment options include:

1. Surgery: Surgery is often the first step in treating IDC. The two main types of surgery are lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery), where only the cancerous tissue and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue are removed, and mastectomy, where the entire breast is removed. The choice of surgery depends on factors such as tumour size, location, and the patient's preference. In some cases, lymph nodes near the breast may also be removed to check for cancer spread.
2. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and is often recommended after a lumpectomy to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. It may also be used after a mastectomy in cases where the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or is at a higher risk of returning.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink the tumour, making it easier to remove, or after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
4. Hormone Therapy: If the invasive ductal carcinoma is hormone receptor-positive, which means that it is fuelled by hormones like estrogen or progesterone, hormone therapy may be recommended. Hormone therapy works by blocking the effects of hormones on cancer cells or lowering hormone levels in the body. Some examples of hormone therapy drugs are tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and ovarian suppression medications.
5. Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy drugs specifically target certain characteristics of cancer cells, such as proteins or enzymes that contribute to cancer growth. For example, if the IDC is HER2-positive, meaning it has excessive amounts of the HER2 protein, targeted therapy drugs like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, or ada-trastuzumab emtansine may be prescribed.
6. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment option that works by enhancing the body's immune system to fight cancer. Although not commonly used for IDC, it may be considered in certain cases, particularly when standard treatments have not been effective.

While invasive ductal carcinoma can be a daunting diagnosis, it is essential to remember that there are numerous treatment options available. By working closely with your medical team and staying informed about your condition, you can make the best decisions for your health and well-being. As a patient diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), it is essential to educate yourself about the condition and explore the various treatment options available. While it's crucial to discuss your options with your medical team, researching from reputable sources can help you make informed decisions.

Here are the top medical websites in North America that provide trustworthy information on IDC:

1. American Cancer Society(www.cancer.org): A comprehensive resource offering information on various types of cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma, treatment options, and support resources.
2. National Cancer Institute(www.cancer.gov): The NCI website provides detailed information on IDC, including causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options.
3. Breastcancer.org(www.breastcancer.org): This website specifically focuses on breast cancer and offers in-depth information on invasive ductal carcinoma, along with personal stories and expert insights.
4. Susan G. Komen(www.komen.org): A leading breast cancer organization, Susan G. Komen offers valuable resources on IDC, including diagnosis, treatment, support, and research updates.
5. Mayo Clinic(www.mayoclinic.org): A renowned medical institution, Mayo Clinic's website provides detailed information on IDC, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, and treatment options.
6. Cleveland Clinic(www.clevelandclinic.org): Another reputable medical institution, Cleveland Clinic offers information on invasive ductal carcinoma, its diagnosis, and various treatment options.

Please note that while these websites offer valuable information, it is essential to discuss all your options and concerns with your medical/support team before making any decisions. They are best equipped to guide you based on your specific situation

The TRAM flap is another procedure that uses tissue from the abdomen to reconstruct the breast. The muscle in the abdominal area, along with the skin and fat tissue, is transferred. Compared to DIEP flap, this method can provide more volume in the reconstructed breast. However, it can lead to weakness in the abdominal muscle area. To learn more about TRAM flap reconstruction, visit the American Society of Plastic Surgeons website.

The symptoms of ILC can vary depending on the stage and size of the tumour. Common symptoms include a lump or thickening in the breast tissue, changes to the skin overlying the area such as dimpling or puckering, nipple discharge, and swelling or tenderness in one arm. In some cases, there may be no visible signs at all. If you have been recently diagnosed with ILC, it is important to understand your treatment options. Here is a list of the most common treatments for ILC:

1. Surgery - This may involve removing part or all of the affected breast tissue and lymph nodes to reduce the risk of recurrence.
2. Radiation therapy - This uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue.
3. Chemotherapy - This involves using drugs to kill cancer cells and can be used before or after surgery depending on individual circumstances.
4. Hormone therapy - This works by blocking hormones that encourage tumour growth.
5. Targeted therapies - These use drugs that target specific molecules involved in tumour growth and spread.

It is essential to research your options thoroughly when considering conventional treatments for ILC, as each person's situation is unique and there are pros and cons associated with each approach. Some of the most reputable medical sites for information about ILC in North America include:

1. Breastcancer.org: https://www.breastcancer.org/types/invasive-lobular-carcinoma
2. Johns Hopkins Medicine: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/breast-cancer/invasive-lobular-carcinoma
3. MD Anderson Cancer Center: https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/What-is-invasive-lobular-carcinoma-8-insights-on-lobular-breast-cancer.h00159539745.html
4. Canadian Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/breast-cancer/cancerous-tumours/invasive-lobular-carcinoma/?region=on
5. American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/types-of-breast-cancer/invasive-lobular-carcinoma.html
6. Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/invasive-lobular-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372286

By consulting these resources and discussing your options with your healthcare team, you can make informed decisions about your treatment plan and work towards the best possible outcome.

This type of cancer is called triple-negative because it doesn’t have three receptors that are commonly found in other breast cancers. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer that lacks the three most common receptors found in other types of breast cancer. Accounting for 10-20% of all cases, TNBC can be challenging to diagnose and treat. However, there are several treatment options available for those diagnosed with this condition.

Symptoms

Triple negative breast cancer symptoms can vary from person to person. Common signs include:

• A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area
• Changes in the size or shape of the breast
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast
• Redness or scaliness of the nipple or surrounding area
• Discharge from the nipple that is not milk
• Swelling in part of the breast

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your doctor as soon as possible.

Treatment Options for triple negative breast cancer typically includes a combination of the following options:

1. Chemotherapy: his treatment works by killing rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells. Chemotherapy is often administered before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink the tumour or after surgery (adjuvant) to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.
2. Surgery: Surgery options for TNBC include lumpectomy (removal of the tumour and some surrounding tissue) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast). The choice depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumour and personal preferences.
3. Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used after surgery to help reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
4. Targeted therapies: Although traditional targeted therapies like hormone therapy are not effective for TNBC, ongoing research is exploring new targeted treatments for this type of cancer. Some clinical trials are investigating the use of PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy in the treatment of TNBC.
5. Clinical trials: Patients with TNBC may consider enrolling in clinical trials to access experimental treatments and contribute to advancements in cancer research.
6. It is essential to discuss all treatment options with your doctor before making a decision about the best course of action for your situation.

Resources

If you have been recently diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer, seek reliable sources of information and support. The following websites provide helpful resources for those living with TNBC:

• Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation
• Canadian Cancer Society
• American Cancer Society

This type of cancer is caused by a genetic mutation that causes an overproduction of the HER2 protein. HER2-positive breast cancer is a type of breast cancer characterized by the presence of higher than normal levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein on the surface of cancer cells. This protein promotes the growth of cancer cells, making HER2-positive breast cancers more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Approximately 20% of all breast cancers are HER2-positive.

Symptoms of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

The symptoms of HER2-positive breast cancer are similar to those of other types of breast cancer. Some common symptoms include:

1. A lump or mass in the breast
2. Swelling in the breast or armpit
3. Changes in the size or shape of the breast
4. Nipple discharge or inversion
5. Redness or dimpling of the breast skin

It's important to remember that these symptoms can also be caused by benign conditions, so it's crucial to consult with your healthcare team if you notice any changes in your breasts.

Treatment Options for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

The treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer depend on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Some common treatment options include:

1. Surgery: To remove the tumour and surrounding tissue. This may involve a lumpectomy (removal of the tumour and some surrounding tissue) or a mastectomy (removal of the entire breast).
2. Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours.
3. Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, typically administered intravenously or orally.
4. Hormone therapy: For hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, hormone therapy is used to block the effects of estrogen on cancer cells.
5. Targeted therapy: Drugs that specifically target the HER2 protein, such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), pertuzumab (Perjeta), and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla).

It's crucial to discuss these treatment options with your healthcare team to determine the best course of action for your specific situation.

Top Medical Sites in North America for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

There are many reputable medical centres in North America that specialize in treating breast cancer, including HER2-positive breast cancer. Some top sites in Canada include:

• BC Cancer Agency (Vancouver, British Columbia)
• Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario)
• Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario)
• McGill University Health Centre (Montreal, Quebec)
• Tom Baker Cancer Centre (Calgary, Alberta)

In the United States, some leading medical centers for breast cancer treatment include:

• Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York)
• Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, Massachusetts)
• MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, Texas)
• Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota)
• Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (Baltimore, Maryland)

Being diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer can be overwhelming, but with the right information and support from your healthcare team, you can make informed decisions about your treatment plan. It's essential to discuss all aspects of your diagnosis and potential treatments with your healthcare team to ensure the best possible outcome.

Remember that you are not alone in your journey. There are many resources available, both online and offline, to support you and your loved ones during this challenging time. Reach out to local support groups, online forums, and breast cancer organizations for additional information and emotional support.